The Broken Rung: Why Women Lose Career Momentum Before They Even Start, with Lareina Yee
March 26, 2025

The Broken Rung: Why Women Lose Career Momentum Before They Even Start, with Lareina Yee

Hey there!
I'm Erica Rooney
I'm an ex corporate girl, turned founder, and 2x bestselling author, and I help women get into positions of power - and STAY there - without burning out.
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Think about the last promotion you wanted and did not get. Now think about the very first one, the step from individual contributor to manager, the one that felt like it should have been automatic. That first step is where women quietly fall behind, and most of us never see it happen. My guest this week, Lareina Yee, is a senior partner at McKinsey and a coauthor of The Broken Rung, and she has the data to prove that the ceiling is not where the problem starts. The floor is.
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Lareina spent nearly 25 years at McKinsey in the technology practice. When she made partner, the promotion she was most excited about, her sponsor sat her down and asked one question that changed her career. Not "how does it feel," but "what will you do that is greater than what you have already done?" Her answer became a decade of research. She had looked around the executive room and realized the women were gone, so she set out to use McKinsey's data to understand exactly where in the pipeline they disappear.
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Here is what she found. Women are 57% of college graduates and about 48% of entry-level hires, but at the very first promotion to manager, the math breaks. For every 100 men promoted, only 81 women move up, and for Black women that number drops to 54. This is the broken rung. It is not the glass ceiling near the top. It is the first step, and because every rung after it is built on that one, the gap compounds for the rest of a woman's career. McKinsey's most recent Women in the Workplace report, its 11th year, shows the rung is still cracked, with 93 women promoted per 100 men in 2025 and just 60 Black women, alongside a brand-new finding: for the first time, a measurable ambition gap has opened between women and men, and the researchers are clear that it is a support problem, not a motivation problem. When women and men get the same career support, the ambition gap disappears entirely.
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So what do you actually do about it? Lareina's answer is a concept called experience capital, and it is the most hopeful idea in the whole conversation. About 50% of your lifetime earnings come from what you learn on the job, not from your degree. Women tend to crush the school half and then accrue less of the work half. In this episode she walks through how to change that: choose a company, not just a job, treat your soft skills like hard skills, and refuse to count yourself out of technical work, because with AI everyone is a beginner right now and no one is more than a year or two ahead of you.
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The part that will stay with the working mothers listening is her reframe of motherhood. Lareina does not call it a career hindrance. She calls it an experience capital escalator, the multitasking, the empathy, the sheer operational load, all of it building skills the quarterly scorecard never measures. She tells you to book a round-trip ticket, plan your leave and your return, and lean on your network, not just your company's policy, to come back strong. If you have ever been told you hit the top of your pay grade at 30, or felt your momentum stall right when you were ready for more, this episode hands you the data and the strategy to climb the rung anyway.
RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE:
​- You were never meant to do this alone. Join HER Collective, Erica's community for ambitious women who are done doing it alone, and get real support, real strategies, and real momentum.
- Never miss an episode of Glass Ceilings & Sticky Floors. Follow the show so the next story lands in your feed.
- Read Erica's book The AI Gap (2026) and start closing the gap for yourself.
- The Broken Rung: When the Career Ladder Breaks for Women, and How They Can Succeed in Spite of It, by Kweilin Ellingrud, Lareina Yee, and María del Mar Martínez (Harvard Business Review Press, 2025).
- Women in the Workplace, the annual study from McKinsey and LeanIn.Org that Lareina cofounded.
Frequently Asked Questions:
What is the broken rung?
The broken rung is the gap at the very first promotion from entry level to manager, where women are promoted at lower rates than men. McKinsey's research found that for every 100 men promoted to that first manager role, only 81 women advance, and just 54 Black women. Because every later step builds on that first one, the gap compounds across a woman's whole career, which is why the broken rung holds women back more than the glass ceiling.
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What is experience capital?
Experience capital is the roughly 50% of your lifetime earnings that comes from what you learn on the job, rather than from your education. Lareina Yee argues women tend to excel at the school half and accrue less of the work half, so building experience capital on purpose, by choosing the right company, taking bold roles, and growing technical skills, is how women climb over the broken rung.
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Is motherhood bad for your career?
Not according to Lareina Yee. She reframes motherhood as an experience capital escalator, because the multitasking, empathy, and operational load build real, transferable skills the quarterly scorecard never measures. Her advice is to book a round-trip ticket, plan both your leave and your return, and lean on your network to come back strong.
MORE FROM ME:
Follow me on Instagram @ericaandersonrooney and @joinhercollective
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Hi, I'm Erica!
In the last 15 years, I climbed to Chief People Officer, 6x'd my income, walked away from a culture that stopped matching my values, wrote two books, and built HER Collective to help thousands of women rise to power and lead in the age of AI. I've learned a thing or two about smashing ceilings and closing gaps, and Glass Ceilings & Sticky Floors is where I open the playbook, the receipts, and the real stories to share it all with you.
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